spring · 2018-01-15 1

Spring中使用xml依赖注入(set方法注入、构造器注入)

1. maven依赖

在src目录下新建spring-conf.xml文件(文件名称可自己定,也不用必须放到src下,程序编译后,保证文件在classpath下就行)。

创建是maven项目,则需在pom.xml中添加spring依赖,如下:

<properties>
    <spring.version>5.1.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 编写类

2.1. 实体类

public class Student {

    private int id;
    private String name;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + ''' +
                '}';
    }

//    set、get方法
}

2.2 DAO层

IStudentDao定义一个得到学生信息的方法

public interface IStudentDao {

//    得到学生的信息
    String getStuInfo();
}

StudentDaoImpl实现IStudentDao接口,StudentDaoImpl类用到Student类

public class StudentDaoImpl implements IStudentDao {

    private Student student;

    public StudentDaoImpl() {
    }

    public StudentDaoImpl(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    @Override
    public String getStuInfo() {
        return student.toString();
    }

    public Student getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    public void setStudent(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }
}

3. 编写配置文件spring-conf.xml

3.1 set方法注入

property标签,name值对应StudentDaoImpl里的setStudent()方法名字中的student(spring通过反射,调用的是set方法,不是直接赋值成员变量的),ref指向 student bean,ref的值为配置student bean的id。

使用set方法注入,会先执行无参构造器,再执行set方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd">

    <bean id="student" class="com.example.entity.Student">
        <property name="id" value="10"/>
        <property name="name" value="zhangsan"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.example.dao.StudentDaoImpl">
        <property name="student" ref="student"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

3.2 构造器注入

constructor-arg标签,调用构造器为成员变量赋值

使用构造器注入,执行有参构造器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd">

    <bean id="student" class="com.example.entity.Student">
        <constructor-arg name="id" value="10"/>
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="zhangsan"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.example.dao.StudentDaoImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="student" ref="student"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

3.3 手动装配与自动装配

不自动装配(property手动赋值):

<bean autowire="default"> <bean autowire="no">

自动装配(自动赋值,仅对自定义类型的成员变量有效):

<bean autowire="byName">:
以的setXxx方法的名字(xxx)作为id找个这个组件,为其赋值;如果没找到就装配null

<bean autowire="byType">:
以成员变量的类型找组件,找到多个则会报错,如果没找到就装配null

<bean autowire="constructor" >:
先按照有参构造器参数的类型进行装配,成功就默认赋值,没有就直接组件装配null,如果按照类型找到多个,参数的名作为id继续装配,找不到就null,不会报错

4. 测试

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml");
        IStudentDao studentDao = (IStudentDao) context.getBean("studentDao");
        String stuInfo = studentDao.getStuInfo();
        System.out.println(stuInfo);
    }
}